Gastroenteritis, often referred to as "stomach flu," is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites. It's a common illness that affects people of all ages, leading to discomfort and inconvenience.
Gastroenteritis is characterised by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, specifically the stomach and small intestine. The inflammation can be triggered by various infectious agents.
Bacterial gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious agents in Hong Kong. It can be caused by Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter, among others. The other cause is Viruses, usually Norovirus and Rotavirus, while parasite like Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium, although less common, can also lead to disease.
The symptoms of gastroenteritis can vary depending on the causative agent but typically include:
Symptoms usually appear within 1 to 3 days after exposure to the infectious agent and can last from a few days to a week. While gastroenteritis usually resolves on its own without the need for medical intervention, some people may use medication to alleviate symptoms. However, severe cases can lead to dehydration, which requires immediate medical attention.
Gastroenteritis can spread through contaminated food and water, or close contact with an infected person. Poor hand hygiene, particularly after using the bathroom or before handling food, increases the risk of transmission. Traveling to areas with poor sanitation can expose individuals to new and harmful pathogens.
Young children, elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems are more at risk. They are also more susceptible to severe dehydration and complications.
Diagnosis of gastroenteritis typically involves a review of symptoms and, in some cases, laboratory tests to identify the causative agent. Stool tests can determine if bacteria or parasites are present, while blood tests may be used to check for dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
The primary goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and prevent dehydration.
In cases involving bacterial infections or when fever and blood in stools are present, medication may be necessary. It is recommended to seek medical advice before taking any medication. In severe cases, particularly those involving significant dehydration, hospitalisation and the administration of intravenous fluids may be required.
Gastroenteritis is a common but preventable illness. Understanding its causes, recognising the symptoms, and knowing how to manage and prevent it can significantly reduce its impact on your health and well-being. By practicing good hygiene, ensuring food and water safety, and staying informed, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the discomfort and potential complications of gastroenteritis. If symptoms persist or worsen, please seek medical advice.